Bacterial Infection of the Oral Cavity

 

Bacterial lesions causing ulcerative conditions in the oral cavity

1. Syphilis
2. Gonorrhoea
3. Tuberculosis
4. Leprosy
5. Actinomycosis
6. Noma

For paid courses, a detailed description of the bacterial infection of the oral cavity is given HERE.

Properties of Dental Materials- Terminology

You must know the properties of the materials used in dentistry to understand its function and how and why it works in oral cavity. It also helps in manipulating it. The main properties you should know about are following:

• Stress
• Strain
• Elasticity Modulus
• Elastic Limit
• Thermal Expansion
• Hygroscopic Expansion
• Setting Expansion

To read the entire lecture (in premium Iridium course), click at the link HERE.

Annealing: Annealing is a process of heating and cooling of metal in a controlled manner. It is done/designed to produce desired properties in a metal. it is typically done to make the metal softer, increase ductility, stabilise the shape and improve/increase the machinability. When we talk about annealing of gold foil, it typically is done to remove surface contaminants just before the condensation.

Dental Anatomy and Terminology

Anatomy of the tooth and surrounding tissues

Enamel: This is the hard, calcified substance that makes the surface of a crown of a tooth.

Dentin: This is the calcified tissue that forms the major part of a tooth. In the crown of the tooth, the dentine is covered by enamel. The pulp
chamber of the tooth is surrounded by dentine.

Pulp: This is the organ at the centre of a tooth that contains blood vessels, connective and neural tissue, and cells that produce dentine-odontoblast. Blood vessels and neural tissue enter the tooth from the apex of the root.

Gingiva: This is the marginal part of the gum that surrounds the tooth where it emerges from the deeper, supporting tissues.

Periodontal ligament: This is the ligament that connects a tooth, by its root, to the supporting bone.

Cementum: This is the calcified tissue on the surface of the root of a tooth, which provides attachment for the periodontal ligament.

Fissure: It is a naturally occurring crevice in the enamel.

Crown: This is the part of the tooth that is visible and is above the gingival margin.

Root: This is the part of the tooth below the gingival margin; it is connected through cementum on its surface and the fibres of the periodontal ligament to the supporting bone.

Dental numbering system

There are numerous dental numbering systems to identify teeth and their maturity. The most commonly used system in Australia is the Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) system (see Figures). When communicating with a dentist, identify which numbering system is being used.

The FDI numbering system divides the mouth into quadrants. The first number indicates the quadrant and whether it is a primary or secondary tooth. The second number indicates the tooth; tooth numbering begins at the central incisor and counts backward to the molars.

Using the FDI numbering system, for adults, the quadrants are numbered as:

1. patient’s upper right is quadrant 1 
2. patient’s upper left is quadrant 2 
3. patient’s lower left is quadrant 3 
4. patient’s lower right is quadrant 4

For primary teeth in children, the quadrants are numbered as:

1. patient’s upper right is quadrant 5 
2. patient’s upper left is quadrant 6 
3. patient’s lower left is quadrant 7 
4. patient’s lower right is quadrant 8

Quick MCQ Test: 

Upcoming (Please check regularly to avail Free MCQ).

Ref: Therapeutic Guidelines 2019

Face bow

Face bow-for Whip mix Arcon articulator

Face bow is a device that is used to transfer the relationship of upper jaw to the temporomandibular joint and the skull. The use of face bow are as follows:

1. in full mouth rehabilitation
2. when you want to give accurate crown and bridges 
3. when you need to alter VDO
4.  for diagnostic mounting
5. for the correction of the occlusion
6.  when you want to use inter-occlusal records except when you are making tooth supported prosthesis or a single tooth restoration
7.  when you are using cusp form teeth
8.  when you need balanced occlusion
9. when you want to do a gnathological study

Face bow for Hanau Non-Arcon Articulator

Multiple choice questions

INSTRUCTIONS:

1) The duration of the examination is 70 minutes.

2) After 70 minutes, the paper will not submit itself automatically so that you can keep on solving it. But, in the real exam, this will not happen, so try to finish it within the stipulated time frame.

3) Once you have finished answering the paper, press the submit button to see the answers .

4) After submission, you will see your result. The correct answer will be shown by a green tick and the wrongly answered question will have a red x in a circle. In either case you will get the correct answer in green colour and the explanation in magenta colour.

Your answers will not be saved automatically. Therefore, you need to write down your score yourself to keep a record of your progress

5) Once you are ready, press the start button.

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Dens in Dente

Dens invaginatus, dens in dente or tooth with in a tooth is a rare developmental anomaly. In it, the lingual pit is extended deep in to the crown or root, in later instance causing pulpitis. It is mostly seen in the maxillary lateral incisors but may be found in any anterior tooth.

Dens in Dente-lateral incisors

The cause of dens in dente in not known but role of genetic factor can not be established. In early stage, it can be treated by filling or endodontic treatment, if pulp is involved.

A. showing Type I Dens Invaginatus in lateral incisors. Note- periapical cyst. B. Type II dens invaginatus in second premolar and C. Type III dens invaginatus in mandibular canine. [1]

Ref: 

1. https://www.omicsonline.org/scientific-reports/srep147.php